Cahalan, T. L. 1957. Blue Pachypanchax. Aquarium Journal 29: 358-359, fig.

Cahalan, T. L. 1969a. An old hybrid revisited. Killie Notes (American Killifish Association) 2 (3): 8-12, photos.

Cahalan, T. L. 1969b. Four recently imported uncommon Epiplatys. Killie Notes (American Killifish Association) 2 (7): 11-15, photos.

Cahalan, T. L. 1970a. Joint Study Groups. Killie Notes (American Killifish Association) 3 (5): 25-26.

Cahalan, T. L. 1970b. The red-finned filamentosum. The Aquarium 3 (9): 4-5, 40-46, 8 photos, plate.

Cahalan, T. L. 1972. Hybrid Register Report. Killie Notes (American Killifish Association) 5 (4): 8.

Cahalan, T. L. 1973a. Aplocheilus jonklaasi (Turner). Killie Notes (American Killifish Association) 6 (10): 13-14, photo.

Cahalan, T. L. 1973b. Roloffia “Caldal”. Killie Notes (American Killifish Association) 6 (8): 15-18, photo.

Caiola, N. and A. de Sostoa. 2005. Possible reasons for the decline of two native toothcarps in the Iberian Peninsula: evidence of competition with the introduced Eastern mosquitofish. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 21(4):358-363, 4 figs., table.

Caldwell, D. K. 1966. Marine and freshwater fishes of Jamaica. Bulletin of the Institute of Jamaica, Science Series (17): 120 pp., tables.

Callopanchax Myers, 1933.

Myers, G. S. 1933. The genera of Indo-Malayan and African cyprinodont fishes related to Panchax and Nothobranchius. Copeia 1933 (4): 180-185. [description: p. 184]

Type species: Aphyosemion occidentale Stenholt Clausen, 1966a, by designation of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. [Myers designated Aphyosemion sjoestedti (misidentification) as the type species. The species in question was not Aphyosemion sjoestedti of Lönnberg but was instead an undescribed species widely and erroneously believed to be Aphyosemion sjoestedti (Lönnberg). This species was later to be described as Aphyosemion occidentale Stenholt Clausen, 1966.]

Callopanchax Myers, 1933a: Parenti, 1981; van der Zee & Wildekamp, 1994; Murphy and Collier, 1997; Murphy, Nguyen, Taylor, & Collier, 1999.

Synonyms:

Roloffia Stenholt Clausen, 1966.

Stenholt Clausen, H. 1966. Definition of a new cyprinodont genus and description of a "new" but well known West African cyprinodont, with a clarification of the terms "sjoestedti", Aphyosemion sjoestedti (Lönnberg), and Aphyosemion coeruleum (Boulenger). Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 74 (3-4): 331-341, 5 figs., 4 tables. [description: p. 338]

Type species: Aphyosemion occidentale Stenholt Clausen, 1966a, by original designation and by designation of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. [Opinion 1010 (1974)]

Roloffia Stenholt Clausen, 1966a: Stenholt Clausen, 1967; Lambert & Géry, 1970; International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1974 [Opinion 1010 (1974)].

[International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. 1974. Opinion 1010. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 30 (3/4): 164. The genus name Rollofia Stenholt Clausen, 1966a was placed on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Generic Names in Zoology.]

"Roloffia"sensu Murphy & Collier, 1997, represented by "Roloffia" occidentale [properly occidentalis].

Murphy, W. J. and G. E. Collier. 1997. A molecular phylogeny for Aplocheiloid fishes (Atherinomorpha, Cyprinodontiformes): The role of vicariance and the origins of annualism. Molecular Biology and Evolution 14 (8): 790-799, 6 figs., table [5 cladograms, 1 map]

[Murphy and Collier (1997) and Murphy, Nguyen, Taylor, & Collier (1999) place Callopanchax in a close relationship with Scriptaphyosemion, Archiaphyosemion, and Epiplatys. Aphyosemion can no longer be used for the species in Callopanchax, Archiaphyosemion, or Scriptaphyosemion since the latter are more closely related to Epiplatys than to Aphyosemion.]

Callopanchax monroviae (Roloff & Ladiges, 1972).

Monrovia Roloffia

Roloff, E. and W. Ladiges. 1972. Roloffia monroviae spec. nov. Beschreibung einer neuen Roloffia-Art aus Liberia. Die Aquarien und Terrarien Zeitschrift (DATZ) 25 (9): 299-301, 2 photos.

Type locality: forest pool 25 miles from Monrovia, Liberia.

Roloffia monroviae Roloff & Ladiges, 1972a: Roloff & Ladiges, 1972b; Ellermann, 1973; Hoppe, 1973b [red and blue populations],c; Langton, 1973a; Grimm, 1974a,b; Morenski, 1974a, 1984a; Roloff, 1974d,e, 1979a; Leibel, 1977; Berkenkamp & Etzel, 1979a; Suffia, 1982b; Cook, 1985; Klotz & Peterson, 1994; Kelley, 1995b.

Aphyosemion monroviae (Roloff & Ladiges, 1972a):

Scheel, 1975g, 1990; Suffia, 1975, 1976a; Huber, 1977a, 1978a; Kottelat, 1977a; Morenski, 1984c; Romand, 1986; Radda & Pürzl, 1987a [color photo]; Paugy, Lévêque, Teugels, et al., 1990.

Fundulopanchax monroviae (Roloff & Ladiges, 1972a): Lazara, 1984; Del Raso, 1987; Suffia, 1989b; Kelley, 1993b, 1995b; Niedzielski & Franco, 1995; Ziolkowski, 1995.

Aphyosemion (Callopanchax) monroviae (Roloff & Ladiges, 1972a): Romand, 1992; Paugy, Traoré, & Diouf, 1994.

Callopanchax monroviae (Roloff & Ladiges, 1972a):

Callopanchax occidentalis (Stenholt Clausen, 1966).

Golden Pheasant [a long standing common name]

Stenholt Clausen, H. 1966. Definition of a newcyprinodont genus and description of a "new" but well known West African cyprinodont, with a clarification of the terms "sjoestedti", Aphyosemion sjoestedti (Lönnberg), and Aphyosemion coeruleum (Boulenger). Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 74 (3-4): 331-341, 5 figs., 4 tables.

Type locality: Blama, Sierra Leone.

Fundulus sjoestedti [misidentification]: Boulenger, 1901b, 1915a [in part, Wildekamp, Romand, & Scheel (1986)],b, 1916, 1919a [listed]; Arnold, 1911b,e [misspelled sjöstedti]; Gellner, 1911 [misspelled sjöstedti]; Rachow, 1920; Pellegrin, 1923b, 1933a; Chaytor & Williams, 1966; Scheel, 1966b; Stenholt Clausen, 1966a. [Any references to sjoestedti subsequent to Boulenger (1901) but prior to Stenholt Clausen (1966a) are misidentifications of Aphyosemion occidentale Stenholt Clausen, 1966a.]

Nothobranchius sjoestedti [misidentification]: Ahl, 1924e; Henzelmann, 1932; Whitehead, 1962; Wildekamp, Romand, & Scheel, 1986.

Aphyosemion (Fundulopanchax) sjoestedti [misidentification]: Myers, 1924b; Wildekamp, Romand, & Scheel, 1986.

Fundulopanchax sjoestedti [misidentification]: Rachow, 1928; Beyer, 1930b; Wildekamp, Romand, & Scheel, 1986.

Aphyosemion sjoestedti [misidentification]: Myers, 1933a; Arnold & Ahl, 1936; Trewavas & Irvine, 1947; Roloff, 1949; Meder, 1952c; Scheel, 1963b; Pinda, 1964; Daget & Iltis, 1965; Daly, 1965; Chaytor & Williams, 1966; Stenholt Clausen, 1966; Yacano, 1966; Foersch, 1967a.

Fundulopanchax sjöstedti [misidentification; misspelling]: Ladiges, 1934; Post, 1965 [chromosome numbers]; Wildekamp, Romand, & Scheel, 1986.

Aphyosemion occidentale Stenholt Clausen, 1966a: Stenholt Clausen, 1967; Anonymous, 1968b; Scheel, 1972b,c, 1974a, 1975f,g, 1990; Suffia, 1975, 1982b; Myers, 1976; Radda, 1976a; Roloff, 1976; Schneidnass, 1976a; Huber, 1977a, 1978a; Leibel, 1982; Van Hyfte, 1983; Douchement, Romand, & Pasteur, 1984 [aquariun strain originally from Sierra Leone]; Fromm, 1984; Morenski, 1984c; Fargher, 1986; Agnese, Romand, & Pasteur, 1987; Radda & Pürzl, 1987a [color photo]; Daget, 1988a; Lévêque, Paugy, Teugels, & Romand, 1989; Paugy, Lévêque, Teugels, et al., 1990.

Roloffia occidentalis (Stenholt Clausen, 1966a): Scheel, 1966b, 1968a, 1971c, 1972f [spelled: occidentale, incorrect Latin ending in genus Roloffia]; Friese, 1967a; Roloff, 1967, 1972, 1974d, 1976e, 1978c, 1979; Stenholt Clausen, 1967; Radda, 1969a, 1971a, 1977e; Anonymous, 1970a; Cahalan, 1970a; Goldstein, 1970g; Tirbak, 1970a,f, 1971b; Yacano, 1970a; Anonymous, 1971; Gyldenholm & Scheel, 1971 [chromosome numbers]; Myers, 1971; Grimm, 1972, 1974a,b; Roloff & Ladiges, 1972a,b; Wourms, 1972b,c; Ellermann, 1973, 1976; Hoppe, 1973c; LaCorte, 1973; Langton, 1973a; Mikkelsen, 1973a; Ricco, 1973; Warner, 1973; Dalgleish, 1974b; Terceira, 1974a,d; Ewing, 1975; Leibel, 1977; Etzel, 1978a; Berkenkamp, 1979, 1980; Berkenkamp & Etzel, 1979a, 1980a; Kostich, 1979; Seegers, 1980a; Glascock, 1982b; Yacano, 1983; Cook, 1985; Klotz & Peterson, 1994 [incorrect Latin ending: occidentale].

[In the same paper in which Stenholt Clausen (1966a) described Aphyosemion occidentale, he described the genus Roloffia, and then transferred the species he had just described in the genus Aphyosemion into his new genus Roloffia. In 1974, Roloffia was rejected by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, see the Roloffia entry in the synonymy of Callopanchax.]

Aphyosemion (Callopanchax) sjoestedti sjoestedti [misidentification]: Radda, 1970f; Wildekamp, Romand, & Scheel, 1986.

Golden pheasant: Goldstein, 1970g; Hueckstaedt, 1982.

Callopanchax occidentalis (Stenholt Clausen, 1966a): Goldstein, 1971c; Murphy, Nguyen, Taylor, & Collier, 1999.

Aphyosemion occidentalis Stenholt Clausen, 1966a [incorrect Latin ending]: Scheel, 1973b, 1986; Romand, 1985b, 1986.

Roloffia "Etzel's toddi" [hobbyist designation for Roloffia huwaldi]: Roloff, 1976e; Klotz, 1977; Etzel, 1978b; Wildekamp, Romand, & Scheel, 1986.

Aphyosemion species: Huber, 1978a; Wildekamp, Romand, & Scheel, 1986.

Roloffia huwaldi Berkenkamp & Etzel, 1980a: Wildekamp, 1981a [probable synonym of R. occidentalis]; Cook, 1985; Wildekamp, Romand, & Scheel, 1986 [as a synonym of A. occidentale]; Klotz & Peterson, 1994; Kelley, 1995b.

Aphyosemion huwaldi (Berkenkamp & Etzel, 1980): Glascock, 1982b; Douchement, Romand, & Pasteur, 1984 [Ngabu, Sierra Leone]; Romand, 1985b [synonym of Aphyosemion occidentale]; Scheel, 1990.

Fundulopanchax huwaldi (Berkenkamp & Etzel, 1980): Lazara, 1984; Kelley, 1993b, 1995b; Niedzielski & Franco, 1995; Ziolkowski, 1995.

Fundulopanchax occidentale (Stenholt Clausen, 1966a) [incorrect Latin ending: properly occidentalis]: Parenti, 1981; Murphy & Collier, 1997.

Fundulopanchax occidentalis (Stenholt Clausen, 1966a): Lazara, 1984; Dalgleish, 1989; Anonymous, 1992e; Phillips, 1992; Kelley, 1993b, 1995b; Niedzielski & Franco, 1995; Mackowiak, 1998; Collier & Murphy, 1999 [systematics and biogeography].

Aphyosemion (Roloffia) occidentale Stenholt Clausen, 1966a: Kelley, 1993b.

Fundulopanchax (Roloffia) occidentalis (Stenholt Clausen, 1966a): Pinto, 1993a; Ziolkowski, 1995.

Aphyosemion (Callopanchax) occidentale Stenholt Clausen, 1966a: Romand, 1992; Paugy, Traoré, & Diouf, 1994.

Callopanchax toddi (Stenholt Clausen, 1966).

Barmoi Roloffia

Stenholt Clausen, H. 1966. Definition of a new cyprinodont genus and description of a "new" but well known West African cyprinodont, with a clarification of the terms "sjoestedti", Aphyosemion sjoestedti (Lönnberg), and Aphyosemion coeruleum (Boulenger). Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 74 (3-4): 331-341, 5 figs., 4 tables.

Type locality: Barmoi, Sierra Leone.

Aphyosemion occidentale toddi Stenholt Clausen, 1966a: Hueckstaedt, 1982.

Roloffia occidentalis toddi (Stenholt Clausen, 1966a): Friese, 1967a; Stenholt Clausen, 1967; Scheel, 1968a, 1974a, 1975f,g; Grimm. 1972; Terceira, 1974d; Berkenkamp & Etzel, 1980a; Hueckstaedt, 1982; Kelley, 1995b. [In the same paper in which Stenholt Clausen (1966a) described Aphyosemion occidentale toddi, he described the genus Roloffia, and then transferred the species he had just described in the genus Aphyosemion into his new genus Roloffia. In 1974, Roloffia was rejected by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, see the Roloffia entry in the synonymy of Callopanchax.]

Aphyosemion toddi Stenholt Clausen, 1966a: Anonymous, 1968b; Scheel, 1973a,b, 1974a, 1975f, 1990; Suffia, 1975, 1976a; Radda, 1976a; Huber, 1977a, 1978a; Kottelat, 1977a; Morenski, 1984c; Lévêque, Paugy, Teugels, & Romand, 1989.

Roloffia toddi (Stenholt Clausen, 1966a): Roloff, 1967, 1974d,e, 1976e, 1979a; Scheel, 1968a, 1972f, 1974f; Tirbak, 1970f, 1971b; Anonymous, 1971; Grimm, 1972, 1974a,b; Ellermann, 1973, 1976; LaCorte, 1973; Mikkelsen, 1973a; Ricco, 1973; Warner, 1973; Etzel, 1975b; Leibel, 1977; Berkenkamp, 1979, 1980; Berkenkamp & Etzel, 1980a; Hueckstaedt, 1982; Suffia, 1982b; Cook, 1985; Gasior, 1986a; Hutchings & Hutchings, 1987; Paugy, Lévêque, Teugels, et al., 1990; Klotz & Peterson, 1994; Cauvet, 1996 [PC 212].

Aphyosemion (Callopanchax) sjoestedti toddi Stenholt Clausen, 1966a: Radda, 1970f.

Fundulopanchax toddi (Stenholt Clausen, 1966a): Lazara, 1984; Kelley, 1993b, 1995b; Niedzielski & Franco, 1995; Ziolkowski, 1995.

Fundulopanchax (Roloffia) toddi (Stenholt Clausen, 1966a): Pinto, 1993a.

Aphyosemion (Callopanchax) toddi Stenholt Clausen, 1966a: Romand, 1992; Paugy, Traoré, & Diouf, 1994.

Callopanchax toddi (Stenholt Clausen, 1966a): Murphy, Nguyen, Taylor, & Collier, 1999.

Campbell, D. G. 1990. The ephemeral islands. A natural history of the Bahamas. Macmillan Education Ltd., London. 151 pp., figs. [first published 1978, reprinted 1990]

Campbell, L. 1958. Report of fisheries investigations, basic survey and inventory of species present in the Pecos River of Texas. Texas Game and Fish Commission, Austin.

Campbell, R. R. 1987. Rare and endangered fishes and marine mammals of Canada: COSEWIC Fish and Marine Mammal Subcommittee Status Reports: III. The Canadian Field-Naturalist 101 (2): 165-170, 3 tables.

Campbell, R. R. 1990. Rare and endangered fishes and marine mammals of Canada: COSEWIC Fish and Marine Mammal Subcommittee Status Reports: VI. The Canadian Field-Naturalist 104 (1): 1-6, 3 tables.

Campellolebias Vaz-Ferreira & Sierra, 1974.

Vaz-Ferreira, R. and B. Sierra. 1974. Campellolebias n. gen. n. sp., cyprinodontido con especializacion de la papila genital y de los primeros radios de la aleta anal. Comunicaciones Zoológicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo 10 (138): 1-17, 2 figs., table, 2 plates.

Type species: Campellolebias brucei Vaz-Ferreira & Sierra, 1974, by original designation, originally monotypic.

Campellolebias Vaz-Ferreira & Sierra, 1974: Vaz-Ferreira & Sierra, 1975; Parenti, 1981 [synonymy with Cynolebias, relationships within Cynolebias not resolved]; Costa, 1988b, 1989d, 1990a [phylogenetic analysis],b [diagnosis, composition, distribution, phylogenetic relationships], 1995c [under characters of uncertain polarity],d [revision, biogeography],e [relationship to Cynopoecilus], 1998d,e.

Campellolebias brucei Vaz-Ferreira & Sierra, 1974.

Santa Catarina Cloud Fish

Vaz-Ferreira, R. and B. Sierra. 1974. Campellolebias n. gen. n. sp., cyprinodontido con especializacion de la papila genital y de los primeros radios de la aleta anal. Comunicaciones Zoológicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo 10 (138): 1-17, 2 figs., table, 2 plates.

Type locality: a temporary pool between Crisciuma and Tubarão, Santa Catarina State, Brazil.

Campellolebias brucei Vaz-Ferreira & Sierra, 1974: Foersch, 1975a; Milgram, 1975; Vaz-Ferreira & Sierra, 1975; LaCorte, 1979; Souza, 1979; Langton, 1986; Costa, Lacerda, & Brasil, 1989; Costa, 1990a,b, 1995a,d, 1998d; Lazara, 1991; Wildekamp, 1991a; Groombridge, 1993; Brousseau, 1994a [egg incubation time, distribution map]; Rosa & Menezes, 1996; Him, 1997.

Cynolebias brucei (Vaz-Ferreira & Sierra, 1974): LaCorte, 1978; 1982; Parenti, 1981; Lazara, 1982b, 1984; Amato, 1987a.

Campellolebias chrysolineatus Costa, Lacerda, & Brasil 1989.

Gold Lined Cloud Fish

Costa, W. J. E. M., M. T. C. Lacerda, and G. C. Brasil. 1989. Systématique et distribution du genre néotropical Campellolebias (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae), avec description de deux nouvelles espèces. Revue française d'Aquariologie 15 (3): 65-72, figs., table, map, color photos.

Type locality: pool at the edge of the forest near Araquari, Santa Caterina State, Brazil.

Campellolebias chrysolineatus Costa, Lacerda, & Brasil 1989: Costa, 1990a,b, 1995a,d, 1998d; Wildekamp, 1991a; Brousseau, 1994a [egg incubation time, distribution map]; Huber 1995; Rosa & Menezes, 1996; Him, 1997.

Campellolebias dorsimaculatus Costa, Lacerda, & Brasil 1989.

Spotfin Cloud Fish

Costa, W. J. E. M., M. T. C. Lacerda, and G. C. Brasil. 1989. Systématique et distribution du genre néotropical Campellolebias (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae), avec description de deux nouvelles espèces. Revue française d'Aquariologie 15 (3): 65-72, figs., table, map, color photos.

Type locality: pool at the edge of the forest near Iguape, São Paulo State, Brazil.

Campellolebias dorsimaculatus Costa, Lacerda, & Brasil 1989: Costa, 1990a,b, 1995a,d, 1998d; Wildekamp, 1991a; Brousseau, 1994a [egg incubation time, distribution map]; Huber 1995; Rosa & Menezes, 1996; Him, 1997; Hrbek & Larson, 1999 [Iguape, Brazil].

Canadian Endangered Species Fish Website. 1998.
http://www-nais.ccrs.nrcan.gc.ca/schoolnet/issues/risk/fish/efish/bndkilli.html [GIF in color]

Candelaria, J. 1976. Aphyosemion schoutedeni. Journal of the American Killifish Association 9 (12): 333-334.

Canestrini, G. 1865. Prospetto critico dei pesci d'acqua dolce d'Italia. Archivo per la Zoologia, l'Anatomia e la Fisiologia 4 (1): 3-143, plate 6. [There is also an 1866 reprint.]

Canestrini, G. 1866. Catalogo dei pesci d'acqua dolce d'Italia. Annuario della Societa dei Naturalisti in Modena 1: 73-90, plate 4.

Canestrini, G. 1871. Parte I. Pesci delle acque dolci. pp. 4-36, 2 figs. In: Fauna d'Italia. Parte Terza. Pesci. Dottor Francesco Vallardi Tipografo-Editore, Milano, Napoli, Palermo, Roma.

Cannon, P. 1989. Native killies of Wisconsin. Journal of the American Killifish Association 22 (4): 146-152, b&w habitat photos.

Cantor, T. 1849. Catalogue of Malayan fishes. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 18 (2): i-xii + 983-1443, 14 plates.

Caporiacco, L. di 1927. Pesci raccolti in Somalia nel 1924, della Spedizione Stefanini e Puccioni. Monitore Zoologico Italiano 38 (1): 84-89, 2 figs.